Improvement in machines for planing the facets of polygonal bars, nuts



. 33h S--Sh l.' WILLIAM F. BATHo. e e

improvement in Machinesfor Planing .the Facets of Polygonal Bars, Nuts,&c. l.

N0. 127,142, atented May 28,1872.

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Improvement in Machines for Planng the Facets of Polygonal Bars, Nuts,&C.

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I. 3 Sheetsj-Shee 3. WlLLIA'M F. BATH-0. improvement in Machinls forPlaning th'e Facets of Polygonal Bars, Nuts, &c.

No. 127,142, r Patented May 287.1372. l lgl UNITED STATEs PATENT OEEICE.

WILLIAM EOTHEEGILL BATHo, `0E BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND, AssIGNoE To WILLIAMsELLEEs a oo., or PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

IMPROVEMENT IN'MACHINES FOR PLANlNG THE FACETS 0F POLYGONAL BARS. NUTS,Sac.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 127,142, dated May 28,1872.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM FOTHERGILL BATHO, of Birmingham, in thecounty of Warwick, in England, a subject of the Queen of Great Britain,have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Machines forPlaning or Guttin g and Shaping Metals, Woods, or other Materials, forwhich Letters Patent for the United Kingdom of Great Britain andIreland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, were granted to me on the20th day of May, 1868, and sealed November 17,1868; and I do herebydeclare that the following is a specification of such of my saidimprovements as I desire to secure by Letters Patent ofthe UnitedStates.

It is the object of my invention to plane, cut, or shape,simultaneously, two or more of the sides or surfaces of nuts, tubes, orrods, and, to this end, my improvements consist of the combination of aseries of radial cutter-spindles, with mechanism for sustaining andtraversing the material to be operated upon in a direction perpendicularto the axes of the cutter-spindles. My invention further consists in amode of combining and operating the cutters for planing,

cutting, or shaping the dat surfaces upon the work, in virtue o f whichthe path or circle described by the cutting-edge of one cutter in itsrevolution intersects the path of the cuttingedge ofthesimultaneously-acting adjacent cutter, without any collision between theseveral cutting-edges, so that two or more iinished faces, each of lesswidth than the cutting-edges, may be simultaneously cut or shaped uponthe'work.

In the accompanying drawing, which makes part of this specification, theforegoing features of my said improvements are exemplified in a machinefor shaping or iinishing hexagonal nuts; and of this machine Figure lisa sectional elevation; Fig. 2, a plan, partly in section; Fig. 3, asectional plan at the line A A of Fig. 1, showing the feed motion; andFig. i an elevation of the 'device for starting and stopping the feed. y

A hollow cylindrical frame, c, affords suitable bearings for the workingparts. Suitably mounted in the frame is a shaft, b1, on the outer end ofwhich is Xed a driving-pulley, b, while on its inner end is iixed abevel-pinion, c. A

hollow bearing, e, forms part of the main frame, and upon this hollowbearing the long hollow boss c3 of an annular bevel-wheel, c2, turnsfreely. The upper end of this long hollow boss is rmly secured in thecentral opening of an annular bevelf-wheel, c1, which gears into thepinion c on the shaft b1. By means of a collar or washer, d, secured onthe lower end of the hol low bearing c, the bevel-wheels c1 and c2 areprevented from falling and better secured in their places'. By thisarrangement the bevelinion c on the shaft blL receivin motion from u,

the pulley b, imparts it to the bevel-wheel c2 through its hollow bossc3, so that this wheel c2 serves as a common driver to all of thespindies, and actuates them simultaneously, as will be presently furtherdescribed. The cutterspindles or tool-carriers f are, in this instance,

arranged radially, at equal distances apart, around a common center, and(as is preferable in all cases, whatever may be the number of thespindles) in a horizontal plane. The inner end of each spindle issuitably adapted to receive and hold properly a cutting-tool havingcutting-edges of any required form, (those shown in the drawing beingsimilar to the roughing-out drills used in Cotter-drilling` ma.

chines,) and the spindles are adjusted by means of any of the approvedappliances for adjusting revolving drill-spindles,though the mode shownin the drawingY is one which I have 'found eeetive, and which consistsin casting a bracket, c', on the frame with a hollow shaft or bush, hsliding freely upon the bracket. The

bush or Vshaft h has a screw-thread cut on its surfacetotakeintocorrespondingfemale screws within the bosses of hand-wheels k1 k2. rIheshaft h is grooved longitudinallyto slide upon a key, l, which preventsit from turning. The spindle maybe traversed in or out by turning thewheel k1, which acts upon the screwed surface of the shaft h, and it.may be locked at any point of its traverse by turning the wheel k2,which acts as a jam or lock-nut. Bythese means each of the spindles maybe advanced and adjusted to work, or retracted to remain inoperative, orfor any desired change of the cutters. For cutting or shaping iiatsurfaces, and especially for work such as that exemplified in thedrawing, in which the finished faces of the nuts respectively, are to beof less width than the width of the cutting-ed ges, I make thecuttingtools m of flat steel, and so adj ust them in their respectivespindles that when in operation one cutter is half a revolution inadvance of the cutter next adjacent to iton each side, by whicharrangement, when one cuttin g-edge is vertical, the one adjacent to iton each side is horizontal, and the path or circle described by thecutting-edges of one cutter in its revolution intersects the path orcircle described by the cuttin g-edges of the adjacent cutters, butwithout coming into collision with either of them. The traversing-framenl n2, which carries the work to be operated upon by the cutting-tools,consists of a three-armed casting or cross-head,u1, near the top of theframe a, and a dish-shaped casting, n2, near the bottom of the frame,these two castings beingconnected together by three rods or slidingshafts, n3 n4 a5. The concave casting n2 has a convex central boss, o,which carries an ordinary steel center socket or chuck, o1, conformingto the work being shaped, and it has a long lower hollow cylindricalpart, o2, projecting downward concentric with the boss or chuck o1. Onthe exterior of this cylindrical part o2 a screw is cut, the purpose orfunction of which screw will be presently described. The cuttings orshavings from the work pass to the hollow cylinder o2 through radialopenings p p in the concave n2, which thus receives the whole of thewaste products of the cutting and discharges them through the cylindero2, preventing any damage or obstruction thereby to the operation of themachine. The crosshead nl has a central opening, in which a screwshaft,q, works a cone or center, u. It is traversed in the opening by means ofa hand-wheel, q1, and has below the cross-head a lock-nut, g2, andhandles for turning it. l

In the operation of this machine the nuts are placed upon a mandrel, r,which is centered between the cone u and the socket or boss o1, in whicha suitable recess is provided for the reception of this mandrel or ofits shank.l Two vises or chucks, or other convenient means adapted tovthe form of the work to be shaped, may be substituted for the boss andthe center u to grasp the work firmly. A three-armed casting, s, of aform suited to the-kind of work to be shaped, serves to steady the nutswhile being operated upon.

The feed-motion is imparted to the sliding frame nl n2 in the followingmanner: A shaft, t1 suitably mounted in the lower part of the frame a,carries at its outer end a speed-cone, t, which is to be driven directlyfrom a corresponding speed-cone, b2, on the shaft b1. On the inner endof the shaft t1 is fixed a bevelpinion, t2, which gears with twobevel-pinions, ci c2, placed loosely upon a cross-shaft, c4, whichcross-shaft is moved endwise by means of an ordinary clutch and featherdevice, so as to drive the cross-shaft in either direction desired bybringing one or the other of the pinions nl n2 finto gear with thepinion t2, or by leaving the `clutch midway between the pinions c1 andc2,

v'sothat neither of them is in gear with the pin- -ion t2, thecross-shaft remains at rest. proper point on the cross-shaft c4 a worm,wf, \is mounted so as to-engage wit-h the teeth of a Ata worm-wheel, fw,which is mounted upon'the lowercylindrical hollow screw o2 ofthe concaven2 hereinbefore described, and this worm-wheel Yw has a screwed boss orcenter adapted to the screw on the part o2 of the concave a2. Throughthese combinations motion is imparted to the hollow screw 02 and itsconcave a2, so as to feed the work up or down according as the forkedclutch is moved to bring the bevel-pinion o1 or onal slot, m5, cut inthe lower end of a vertical,

sliding-shaft, w3, guided by suitable bearings, which carries twotappets, x4 x5, that are adjustable (by means of set-screws) up and downon the shaft A strap, c5, is attached by one end to the sliding clutchon the cross-shaft @4 and by its other end to the slide acl. Byso'adjustin g these tappets that thc outer edge of the dish or concaven2 shall, in its upward and downward movements, come in contact with oneor the other of these tappets, the traverse ofthe frame will bearrested, for as the stud x2 receives from the diagonal slot x6 in boththe upward and downward motion ofthe sliding shaft a transverse motionof an extent equal to the inclination of the slot x6, it is obvious thateach movement of the shaft moves the slide in one direction or thcother, and thus acts directly upon the clutch on the cross-shaft 124;'it is, therefore, only requisitethat the inclination of the diagonalslot should be great enough to move the clutch sufficiently far todisengage the bevel-pinion c1 or c2 from the pinion t2, and to so adjustthe tappets that the shaft w3 shall be lifted far enough to make thestud traverse the slot.

Although I have described and illustrated my improvements as applied toa machine having six cutting-tools and adapted to shape hexagonal nuts,it is obvious that any other number of cutters or tools desired may beoperated, and, except where only two tools were used, it would not benecessary in any case to turn the work. For cutting work that is to betriangular in its cross-section, it would only be necessary to removethree of the cutters in the machine represented in the. drawing, leavingthe alternate three cutters to operate upon the three faces to beshaped. For more than six faces it would of course be necessary toincrease the number of spindles and cutters.

The sectional outline of the finished surfaces may also be varied byusing cutters having' edges conformable to the shape desired- 21s, forexample, if the cutters had convex ends and th eseends were providedwiththeusual grooved or serrated cutting-edges, the faces vshaped by themwould have corresponding' hollow or concave forms.

4By imparting to the work being shaped a rotatory motion simultaneouswith theup or down traversing motion hereinbefore described, the workwould have, in addition to its vertical feed, a spiral feed around acommon axis, and the shaped faces would present a corresponding spiralfinish of a pitch conformable to the relative speeds of the twoeedlnotions. This rotatory feed-motion can be derived by any of theWell-understood and approved devices for that purpose in machine-tools.

What I claim as niyinvention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent ofthe United States, 1si e 1. The combination of the series of radialspindles and the series of flattened cutters with Witnesses:

J on. I. PEYToN, Enum: C. DAvrDsoN.

